![]() Routine serologic screening of patients at risk for HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection usually begins with a HIV-1/-2 antigen and/or antibody screening test, which may be performed by various FDA-approved assay methods, including rapid HIV antibody tests, enzyme immunoassays, and chemiluminescent immunoassays. They may fall to undetectable levels (ie, seroreversion) in the terminal stage of AIDS when the patient’s immune system is severely depressed. ![]() HIV-2 is similar to HIV-1 in viral morphology, overall genomic structure, and its ability to cause AIDS.Īntibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 are usually not detectable until 6 to 12 weeks following exposure and are almost always detectable by 12 months. HIV type 2 (HIV-2) infection is endemic only in West Africa, and it has been identified in individuals who had sexual relations with individuals from that geographic region. The virus is transmitted by sexual contact, by exposure to infected blood or blood products, or from an infected mother to her fetus or infant. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is found in patients with AIDS, AIDS-related complex, and asymptomatic infected individuals at high risk for AIDS. This assay consists of a screening antibody test followed by confirmatory western blot if positive.ĪIDS is caused by 2 known types of HIV. ![]() This assay is used for screening for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients, the diagnosis of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection in symptomatic patients, and follow-up testing of individuals with reactive results from rapid HIV tests. ![]()
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